20-minute read on how to choose the right hydration and renewal serum for your skin.
Table of Contents:
- Hydration and Renewal Are Not the Same Thing
- What Makes a Serum Hydration-Focused?
- What Makes a Serum Renewal-Focused?
- Do You Need One Serum Product or Both?
- Take-Home Message
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Bibliography and References
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1. Hydration and Renewal Are Not the Same Thing
What is Skin Hydration?
Hydration and Renewal Serum products are distinct, as they address vital skin physiological needs.
So, although hydration and skin renewal are closely connected, they are not the same process - and a serum formulated primarily for hydration does a different job from one designed to support renewal.
Hydration refers to the amount and distribution of water within the skin. In the outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, water helps maintain softness, flexibility and the orderly shedding of surface cells. Natural moisturising factors bind water within these cells, while lipids between them help limit excessive water loss.
Figure 1. A stylised cross section of the skin showing aged skin - epidermal atrophy. Water can enter from the environment and from below the epidermis
When the skin becomes dehydrated, its surface can feel tight, rough or less supple. Fine lines may also look more pronounced because the outer layers temporarily lose some of their plumpness. Restoring hydration can soften their appearance and make the skin feel smoother and more comfortable.
However, this does not mean that hydration reverses wrinkles.
Wrinkles caused by longer-term changes in collagen, elastin, facial movement and cumulative UV exposure occur deeper within the skin. A hydrating product can improve how the surface looks and feels, but it cannot rebuild the skin’s underlying structure simply by increasing its water content.
What Does Skin Renewal Mean?
Renewal is a broader term. It includes the continuing production, maturation and replacement of epidermal cells, together with the processes that help maintain the skin barrier and support the extracellular structures responsible for firmness and elasticity.
As we age, several of these processes become less efficient. Epidermal turnover and repair slow, the composition of the skin barrier changes, and the production and organisation of collagen and elastin decline. Years of UV exposure and oxidative stress can further contribute to uneven pigmentation, loss of elasticity, rougher texture and more persistent lines.
Renewal-focused skincare is formulated to support some of these processes. Depending on the ingredients used, it may help:
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support normal epidermal turnover;
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protect collagen and elastin from excessive breakdown;
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improve the appearance of uneven pigmentation;
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provide antioxidant protection;
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support a more resilient skin barrier; and
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improve visible texture, tone and radiance over time.
These effects are different from the more immediate softness and surface plumping associated with improved hydration.
However, skin renewal does not mean returning mature skin to the biological structure it had when it was young.
As Figure 2 illustrates, ageing produces changes throughout the epidermis and dermis that skincare cannot completely reverse.
Renewal-focused skincare can nevertheless support these tissues and improve the skin’s texture, resilience and overall appearance at its present age.
Figure 2. Structural differences between young and aged skin. Renewal-focused skincare can support the function and appearance of mature skin, but it cannot recreate the biological architecture of young skin.
Well-Hydrated Skin Can Still Need Renewal Support
Skin can feel soft and comfortable yet still show uneven pigmentation, declining elasticity, textural changes or persistent fine lines. In this situation, adding more hydration may improve surface suppleness, but it will not necessarily address the other concerns.
This is where carefully selected renewal-supporting ingredients can be useful. They work through mechanisms that extend beyond water retention, helping the skin maintain healthier-looking function and appearance over time.
Renewal-Focused Skin Can Still Become Dehydrated
The reverse is also true.
A person may use sophisticated ingredients intended to support collagen, pigmentation or epidermal turnover and still experience tightness, roughness or accentuated dehydration lines. Active ingredients do not remove the skin’s continuing need for water, natural moisturising factors and barrier-supporting lipids.
In fact, a renewal-focused routine is often more effective and comfortable when the skin is also adequately hydrated, and its barrier is properly supported.
This is why the choice between a hydrating serum and a renewal serum is not necessarily an either-or decision. One helps maintain the skin’s water balance and surface comfort; the other provides broader support for the visible and functional changes associated with ageing.
Understanding that distinction makes it much easier to choose the right serum—or to use both in a routine without adding products merely for the sake of adding more.
2. What Makes a Serum Hydration-Focused?
A hydration-focused serum is formulated primarily to increase water availability within the outer layers of the skin and help the skin retain that water more effectively.
That second function matters. Applying water alone provides only temporary wetness because it soon evaporates. Effective hydration therefore depends upon a well-balanced formulation containing ingredients that attract and bind water, together with ingredients that soften the skin and help reduce excessive moisture loss.
Humectants Attract and Bind Water
Humectants are water-binding ingredients. Hyaluronic acid, glycerine and components of the skin’s natural moisturising factors are common examples.
Hyaluronic acid is particularly valued because of its ability to bind substantial amounts of water. In a properly formulated serum, it helps increase hydration within the stratum corneum, improving surface suppleness and making fine dehydration lines appear less pronounced.
However, hyaluronic acid does not work by filling permanent wrinkles or replacing lost collagen. Its visible plumping effect results primarily from improved water content within the outer skin layers.
The molecular size, concentration and formulation of hyaluronic acid also matter. More is not automatically better. Very high concentrations can produce a sticky or tight-feeling product, while the performance of the ingredient depends upon how it is incorporated into the complete formulation.
This is why selecting a serum by looking for “hyaluronic acid” on the label tells you only part of the story.
Oils and Emollients Perform a Different Role
Humectants help attract and hold water, while oils and other emollients help soften and condition the skin. Some can also support the lipid environment of the skin barrier, helping to reduce the rate at which water is lost from the surface.
It is important not to confuse oil with hydration. Oils do not add water to the skin. Equally, water-binding ingredients alone may not provide sufficient comfort for skin that is also lacking surface lipids.
This becomes particularly relevant as skin matures. Changes in sebum production, epidermal lipids and natural moisturising factors can leave the skin less able to retain water and more susceptible to dryness, tightness and environmental stress.
For this reason, a well-designed hydrating serum may combine humectants with carefully selected plant oils and emollients. Water and lipids are not competing approaches: they perform different but complementary functions.
What Role do Botanical Antioxidants Play?
Botanical antioxidants do not hydrate the skin in the same way as hyaluronic acid or glycerine. Their purpose is to help protect the formulation and the skin from oxidative stress while providing additional soothing, conditioning or barrier-supporting benefits.
This distinction is important because botanical extracts are often grouped together under vague claims that they “hydrate, brighten, repair and rejuvenate” simultaneously. In reality, each ingredient has particular properties, and its usefulness depends upon its concentration, stability and relationship with the rest of the formulation.
An effective serum is not simply a long list of fashionable ingredients. It is a system in which water-binding ingredients, emollients, botanical extracts and other actives are selected to work together.
The Hydrating Face & Neck Gel Serum as a Practical Example
The Azurlis™ Hydrating Face & Neck Gel Serum was formulated around this complementary approach.
Hyaluronic acid provides the principal water-binding action, while glycerine and the water-soluble components of the formulation contribute further humectant support. A blend of plant oils—including rosehip, jojoba, apricot kernel, macadamia and camellia—helps condition the skin and support softness without turning the serum into a heavy facial oil.
Botanical ingredients including aloe vera, kakadu plum, bilberry, calendula, gotu kola and liquorice provide complementary antioxidant, soothing and skin-conditioning benefits.
The result is not simply “water in a bottle.” Nor is it an oil serum masquerading as hydration. It is a lightweight gel-serum designed to bring together water-binding ingredients, emollients and botanicals for skin that feels softer, more supple and comfortably hydrated.
Can Hydration Help Reduce the Appearance of Ageing Skin?
Yes, but only within realistic limits.
By improving water content within the outer layers of the skin, a hydrating serum product can:
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reduce feelings of tightness and discomfort;
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improve softness and surface suppleness;
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make rough texture feel smoother;
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reduce the appearance of temporary dehydration lines; and
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help other products spread more comfortably across the skin.
These changes can make the skin appear fresher and more rested. They should not, however, be confused with the reversal of established structural wrinkles.
Lines caused by collagen loss, changes in elastin, repeated facial movement and cumulative UV exposure involve deeper biological structures. Hydration may soften their surface appearance, but it cannot correct the underlying structural changes.
Addressing the wider visible signs of ageing requires ingredients selected to perform additional functions.
That is where a renewal-focused serum product performs a different and complementary role.
3. What Makes a Serum Renewal-Focused?
A renewal-focused serum is designed to do more than improve the skin’s immediate water content. It combines active ingredients selected to support processes involved in skin texture, tone, barrier function, antioxidant protection and the maintenance of collagen and elastin.
“Renewal” does not mean aggressively forcing the skin to shed its surface layers. Nor does it suggest that a cosmetic product can create entirely new skin. It describes a broader approach: supporting the biological processes that help the skin remain resilient, even-toned and healthy-looking as those processes become less efficient with age.
The value of such a serum depends not upon the number of ingredients it contains, but upon whether those ingredients perform useful, complementary functions within a well-designed formulation.
Bakuchiol: Broader Support for Visible Ageing
Bakuchiol is a plant-derived compound obtained from Psoralea corylifolia, commonly known as babchi. Although it is chemically different from retinol, research suggests that it can influence some of the same biological pathways associated with skin renewal and visible ageing.
Bakuchiol has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Laboratory research also shows that it can support the production of collagen and help limit the activity of enzymes involved in collagen and elastin breakdown.
Clinical studies have reported improvements in fine lines, pigmentation and skin texture with bakuchiol.
Retinoids remain the most established and extensively studied topical ingredients for photoageing, and retinol therefore continues to occupy a dominant position in mainstream skincare. At Azurlis™, however, we prefer bakuchiol because it can support several of the same visible skin concerns while generally being better tolerated.
That preference does not make bakuchiol a natural form of retinol. The two molecules are structurally different and should not be treated as identical. Nevertheless, studies suggest that bakuchiol can provide several of the visible skin benefits associated with retinol, including improvements in fine lines and uneven pigmentation, while being less likely to cause dryness, flaking and irritation. This helps explain its popular designation as “natural retinol”.
Bakuchiol therefore provides a useful option for people seeking support for visible ageing, particularly those whose skin does not tolerate retinol well.
Niacinamide and N-Acetyl Glucosamine: Complementary Support
Niacinamide, a form of vitamin B3, is one of skincare’s more versatile and better investigated ingredients.
It supports the production of ceramides and other components of the epidermal barrier, helping the skin retain moisture more effectively. It can also improve the appearance of uneven pigmentation, regulate excess surface oil and support smoother-looking skin texture.
N-acetyl glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino sugar involved in several biological processes within the skin. In topical formulations, it can support hyaluronic acid production and help reduce the appearance of uneven pigmentation.
When niacinamide and N-acetyl glucosamine are used together, their complementary mechanisms can provide broader support for pigmentation, hydration, barrier function and texture than either ingredient is expected to provide alone.
This is formulation complementarity in practice: ingredients are not included merely because each one has an attractive individual story. They are selected because their functions strengthen the purpose of the finished serum.
THD Ascorbate: Stable, Oil-Soluble Vitamin C Support
Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate - usually shortened to THD ascorbate - is an oil-soluble derivative of vitamin C.
Pure L-ascorbic acid can be effective, but it is also highly susceptible to oxidation and requires careful control of pH, packaging and storage. THD ascorbate offers greater formulation stability and can be incorporated into the lipid phase of a serum.
Its role is not hydration. It provides complementary antioxidant support and is used to help improve the appearance of dullness, uneven tone and pigmentation. Vitamin C is also involved in the biological processes required for normal collagen synthesis, although the performance of any vitamin C product depends upon its form, concentration, stability and complete formulation.
This subject deserves more than a passing claim on an ingredient list. Our forthcoming guide to vitamin C examines the different forms used in skincare, why stability matters and how formulation affects what a vitamin C product can realistically achieve.
Peptides: Complementary Support for Skin Renewal
The signal peptides Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 and Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38 complement bakuchiol by supporting cellular pathways involved in the production and maintenance of collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans and other components of the extracellular matrix.
Bakuchiol contributes antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity while supporting retinol-like pathways associated with skin renewal. THD ascorbate provides stable, oil-soluble vitamin C support for antioxidant protection and the biological processes involved in collagen synthesis.
Together, these ingredients provide a multi-pathway approach to cellular signalling, extracellular-matrix maintenance, skin resilience, texture and firmness. However, the extent and rate of visible improvement will vary according to factors including genetics, age, cumulative UV exposure, lifestyle and consistency of use.
Antioxidant-Rich Plant Oils
Plant oils are sometimes described simply as moisturising ingredients, but their functions can extend beyond softness.
Depending upon their fatty-acid composition and naturally occurring constituents, selected plant oils can provide emollient, antioxidant and barrier-supporting benefits. They can help reduce roughness, improve suppleness and complement the activity of the serum’s water-soluble ingredients.
In the Luminous Bakuchiol Serum, oils including argan, camellia, rosehip and macadamia contribute essential fatty acids and antioxidant compounds while providing a suitable environment for oil-soluble ingredients such as bakuchiol, THD ascorbate, vitamin E and coenzyme Q10.
Once again, the presence of botanical oils does not automatically make a formulation effective. The choice of oils, their proportions, their stability and how they interact with the complete formulation all matter.
Hydration Remains Part of Renewal Support
A renewal-focused serum does not make hydration unnecessary.
The Luminous Bakuchiol Serum also contains hyaluronic acid and glycerine to provide water-binding support. These ingredients help maintain comfort and surface suppleness while the wider formulation addresses concerns such as uneven pigmentation, textural changes, declining radiance and breakouts.
However, hydration is not the serum’s only or defining purpose.
This is the key distinction between the two Azurlis™ serum products.
- Hydrating Face & Neck Gel Serum places hydration at the centre of the formulation.
- Luminous Bakuchiol Serum includes hydration within a broader system of renewal-focused actives.
One is not a stronger or more sophisticated version of the other. They were formulated with different priorities.
For someone whose principal concern is temporary dehydration, tightness or accentuated surface lines, a hydration-focused serum may be sufficient.
For someone also experiencing pigmentation, textural changes, loss of radiance or hormonal breakouts, a renewal-focused serum may provide more appropriate support.
And when mature skin is both dehydrated and showing wider age-related changes, as it frequently is, the two formulations can be used strategically together.
4. Do you Need One Serum Product or Both?
Choosing between a hydrating serum product and a renewal-focused serum product begins with a simple question:
What Does Your Skin Need Support With at Present?
That last phrase matters because skin does not remain in one fixed condition. Its needs can change with age, hormonal fluctuations, climate, illness, stress, travel and even the heating or cooling systems in our homes and workplaces.
Someone who usually has balanced skin may experience temporary dehydration during winter. Skin that once tolerated a very simple routine may require additional lipid and hydration support during perimenopause or menopause. Equally, mature skin can remain prone to oiliness, congestion and hormonal breakouts while also developing pigmentation, fine lines and reduced elasticity.
This is why choosing a serum product should not depend entirely upon a permanent skin-type label.
| If your main concern is… | The emphasis may be… |
| Tightness, moisture depletion or temporarily accentuated fine lines | A hydration-focused serum product |
| Uneven tone, declining radiance, textural changes or breakouts | A renewal-focused serum product |
| Dehydration combined with visible age-related changes | Both, used strategically |
| A simple routine with minimal layering | One in the morning and the other at night |
| Skin that changes with weather, hormones or stress | Adjust the routine according to its present condition |
This is guidance rather than a rigid prescription. You do not need to diagnose your skin perfectly before deciding what to apply. Paying attention to how it looks, feels and responds over several days can provide useful information.
A Simple Morning and Evening Routine
For many people, the easiest way to obtain the complementary benefits of both Azurlis™ serum products is to divide them between morning and evening.
Morning
Luminous Bakuchiol Serum → day moisturiser → sunscreen
The Luminous Bakuchiol Serum provides renewal-focused and antioxidant support during the day. Bakuchiol is not photosensitising, while niacinamide, N-acetyl glucosamine, THD ascorbate and the antioxidant-rich botanical oils provide broader support for tone, texture, pigmentation and barrier function.
This does not replace sunscreen. UV exposure remains one of the most significant contributors to premature skin ageing, regardless of which serum product is applied underneath it.
Evening
Hydrating Face & Neck Gel Serum → night moisturiser
The Hydrating Face & Neck Gel Serum provides a hydration-focused layer after the skin has been cleansed. Its combination of humectants, plant oils and botanical extracts helps replenish water, support softness and reduce the tight or uncomfortable feeling associated with dehydrated skin.
A moisturiser can then be applied if the skin needs additional emollient or occlusive support, particularly when it is dry, mature or exposed to a low-humidity environment.
This divided routine is not the only correct way to use the products. It is simply an uncomplicated way to provide regular hydration and renewal support without applying multiple layers at once.
Can You Use Both in the Same Routine?
Yes. When the skin feels particularly dehydrated but would also benefit from renewal-focused ingredients, both serum products can be used within the same routine.
Apply the Hydrating Face & Neck Gel Serum first and allow it to settle before applying the Luminous Bakuchiol Serum. A moisturiser can follow if required.
Using both may be particularly useful when skin feels tight or depleted while also showing concerns such as uneven pigmentation, declining radiance, textural changes or hormonal breakouts.
However, more products do not automatically produce better results. If the combined routine feels unnecessarily rich, or if the products do not settle comfortably beneath sunscreen or makeup, separating them between morning and evening is likely to be more practical.
Can You Alternate Them on Different Days?
The serum products can also be alternated according to changes in the skin.
For example:
- Use the Hydrating Face & Neck Gel Serum morning and evening when the skin feels unusually dry, tight or dehydrated.
- Return to the Luminous Bakuchiol Serum once daily when pigmentation, texture, radiance or visible signs of ageing are the main concerns.
- Alternate the two products on different evenings if you prefer a particularly minimal routine.
- Use the Luminous Bakuchiol Serum as directed for skin that is also prone to oiliness and breakouts.
- Increase hydration support during cold weather, air travel or periods spent in heated and air-conditioned environments.
There is no virtue in continuing with an unsuitable routine merely for the sake of consistency. The purpose of consistency is to provide the skin with regular, appropriate support—not to ignore changes in its condition.
Consistency Does not Mean Rigidity
Skincare advice often presents consistency as repeating precisely the same routine every morning and evening. In practice, an effective routine can be both consistent and responsive.
Consistency means using suitable products regularly enough for them to perform their intended functions. Responsiveness means recognising when the balance between hydration, lipids and renewal support needs to change.
This is particularly relevant for women experiencing perimenopausal and menopausal skin changes. Dryness, sensitivity, breakouts and loss of elasticity do not always arrive separately or remain constant from one week to the next.
The answer is not necessarily to add more products. It is to understand the purpose of the products you already use and adjust their application intelligently.
Consistency matters - but consistency does not mean using exactly the same products every day. It means understanding what your skin needs and supporting it regularly.
Take-Home Message
By now, it should be clear that selecting a serum product begins with the concern you want to address—but it should also take account of your lifestyle and what your skin needs from day to day.
The most sophisticated routine is not necessarily the one with the most products. It is the one you understand, can use consistently and can adapt when your skin’s condition changes.
No rush. No fear. Just informed, consistent care.
The FAQs below address several questions that may still arise when choosing and using hydration-focused and renewal-focused serum products.
And remember:
Age presently—never gracefully or passively.
Bring enthusiasm to life. It may not prevent the passing of time, but it can profoundly change how we inhabit it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does drinking more water reduce wrinkles?
Drinking sufficient water is important for general health, but consuming additional water does not automatically increase hydration within the outer layers of the skin or reduce established wrinkles.
If someone is not drinking enough, correcting that deficiency may improve aspects of skin appearance and function. Once normal hydration needs are being met, however, drinking extra water is unlikely to produce a corresponding reduction in wrinkles.
Fine dehydration lines may appear less pronounced when the stratum corneum is properly hydrated, but wrinkles associated with collagen loss, UV exposure and repeated facial movement will not disappear simply by increasing water intake.
Topical skincare, nutrition, sun protection and adequate fluid intake support skin through different mechanisms; one does not replace the others.
How can I tell whether my skin is dry or dehydrated?
Dryness and dehydration are commonly described as separate conditions, but in practice they frequently overlap.
Dry skin tends to produce less sebum and may also have an altered balance of barrier lipids and natural moisturising factors. It may feel rough, flaky or uncomfortable on a continuing basis.
Dehydrated skin has insufficient water within its outer layers. It may feel tight, look dull and show more noticeable fine surface lines, particularly after cleansing or later in the day. Dehydration can occur in dry, balanced, combination or oily skin.
Rather than trying to force your skin into one category, consider the pattern. Persistent roughness and flaking may indicate a need for additional lipids and barrier support. Tightness or temporarily accentuated fine lines may suggest that more water-binding support is required. Many people, especially those with mature skin, benefit from addressing both.
How long does it take to see results from a serum product?
It depends upon the purpose of the formulation and the change being assessed.
The skin may feel softer and more comfortable soon after applying a well-formulated hydration-focused serum product. Improvements associated with continuing water retention and barrier support may become more apparent over the following days and weeks.
Renewal-focused changes generally take longer. Improvements in texture, pigmentation, radiance or fine lines depend upon the ingredients used, the condition of the skin and consistent application over several skin-renewal cycles. Some changes may become noticeable within four to eight weeks, while others require longer.
Daily inspection is not particularly reliable because lighting, sleep, weather and temporary hydration can all affect how the skin looks. Comparing photographs taken several weeks apart, under similar lighting and without makeup, provides a more useful assessment.
Can a serum product replace a moisturiser?
Sometimes… but not always.
“Serum” describes a product format rather than one fixed function. Some serum products are predominantly water-based and provide humectants or targeted active ingredients, while others also contain meaningful amounts of oils, emollients and barrier-supporting components.
A well-formulated serum product may provide sufficient hydration and comfort for someone with balanced or oilier skin, particularly in warm or humid conditions. Dry, dehydrated or mature skin may still benefit from a moisturiser applied afterwards to provide additional emollient and moisture-retaining support.
The most useful guide is how the skin responds. If it remains comfortable, supple and well hydrated, an additional moisturiser may not always be necessary. If tightness or dryness returns soon after application, the serum product probably needs to be followed with a suitable moisturiser.
Is natural or plant-based skincare better for ageing skin?
Not automatically.
An ingredient is not effective or safe merely because it is natural, and a synthetic ingredient is not automatically harmful. Skin responds to chemical composition, concentration, stability and formulation, not to marketing categories.
Plant oils and botanical extracts can provide valuable fatty acids, antioxidants and skin-conditioning compounds. Laboratory-produced or biotechnology-derived ingredients can also offer excellent purity, stability and performance. Hyaluronic acid, for example, is commonly produced through microbial fermentation.
What matters is whether the finished product has been thoughtfully formulated for its intended purpose, preserved appropriately, tested for stability and used in a way that suits the individual’s skin.
For people with sensitive or reactive skin, avoiding added fragrance and essential oils may be more relevant than choosing a product simply because it is described as natural. For anyone seeking vegan skincare, the origin and processing of every ingredient must also be considered, not merely the botanical imagery on the packaging.
Bibliography and References
Verdier-Sevrain, S. & Bonte, F. 2007. Skin Hydration: A Review on its Molecular Mechanisms. J. Cosmetic Dermat., 6, 75-82.
Al-Niaimi, F. & Zheng Chiang, N.Y. 2017. Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. J. Clin. Aesth. Derm., 10 (7), 14-17.
Michalak, M. 2022. Plant-Derived Antioxidants: Significance in Skin Health and Ageing Process. J. Mol. Sci.23, 585-613.
Milosheska, D. & Roskar, R. 2022. Use of Retinoids in Topical Antiaging Treatments: A focused Review on Clinical Evidence for Conventional and Nanoformulations. Adv. Ther. 39, 5353-53-75.
Barna, A.S., et al. 2023. 2023. Preliminary Apporaches to Cosmeceuticals Emulsions Based on N-ProlylPalmitoyl Tripeptide-56 Acetat-Bakuchiol Complex Intended to Combat Skin Oxidative Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24, 7007-7021.
Kowalczyk, S., et al. 2024. Selected Plants as Sources of Natural and Active Ingredients for Cosmetics of the Future. Appl. Sci. 15, 3487-3523.
Crous, C. et al. 2024. Overview of Popular Cosmeceuticals in Dermatology. Skin Health Dis., 4(2), 1-16.
Crespi, O., et al. 2025. Cosmeceuticals for Anti-Aging: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Regulatory Insights – A comprehensive Review. Cosmetics, 12, 209-221.
Pintea. A. et al. 2025. Peptides: Emerging Candidates for the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Senescence: A Review. Biomolecules, 15, 88-118.
Kazandjiva, J. et al. Vitamins and Skin Aging. Clinics Derm., 44, 426-441.
